How to Change Power Steering Fluid

Power steering makes it easier to turn your vehicle’s steering wheel. Before its invention in the 1930s, steering required much more effort. With easier turning, driving became smoother and safer.

Part of what makes hydraulic power steering work is power steering fluid. The fluid travels through the system, lubricating parts and creating a hydraulic link. This design makes turning your wheel and your vehicle much easier. However, this fluid breaks down over time and becomes contaminated. When power steering fluid breaks down, it can cause performance and safety issues.

While you can take your car to a mechanic, you can also change your power steering fluid yourself. Use this guide to keep your vehicle in good condition. 

Signs You Need to Change Power Steering Fluid

Power steering fluid works under the radar. When it’s topped up, you don’t notice it. But, when it’s low, it can cause serious performance problems. 

Power steering fluid keeps your car’s steering responsive and easy. Over time, the performance degrades. How do you know when it’s time to change your power steering fluid? Here are some common signs to watch out for.

1. Steering Trouble

Steering problems are the most obvious sign that you need to check the car. Is your steering more difficult than usual? Does the steering feel stiffer? Your power steering could be the culprit. Old or dirty fluid loses its ability to create hydraulic pressure, making it harder to turn the wheel. 

In some cases, it’ll feel like your power steering isn’t working at all.

If you need to use a lot of force to drive your car, you should check out the power steering. Look for increased resistance, especially when you’re turning at low speeds, to identify power steering issues.

2. Strange Noises

Cars can make strange noises for lots of reasons. Part of car maintenance is checking your vehicle when it makes unusual sounds. Pay close attention to the noises. Do they usually happen when you turn the wheel? Are there any grinding, squealing or groaning sounds? These noises are signs of low or dirty fluid.

Power steering needs enough clean fluid to make the system work. When it becomes contaminated or low, it leads to pump strain, creating these sounds. Changing the fluid should give you a quiet car once again. 

3. Leaking Fluid

Leaking fluid could be from several fluids in your car. If you see leaks under the vehicle, take a closer look. Power steering will be pink or red — it gets darker as it ages. Inspect your power steering system carefully after a leak. Leaks reduce the system’s fluid and suggest there’s something more going on with your car. Leaks shouldn’t happen on their own. You might have a damaged hose or a failing pump. Leaving leaks unchecked can cause more severe problems down the road. 

4. Burning Smell

Low levels of power steering fluid could also cause a burning smell. This happens when the fluid is too old or contaminated to properly lubricate and cool the power steering pump. An overheating system will also create that burning smell. 

If you notice a burning smell in your car, you should check it out immediately. Overheating can quickly damage your pump and other components. Check your fluid level and replace it as needed to stop the odors. If you’re still smelling burning, it’s time to take your car to a professional. 

5. Dirty Fluid

Fresh power steering fluid is contaminant-free, creating a smoother drive. New fluid should look clear, light pink or light red. Over time, metal shavings and dirt can get into the fluid. Debris will turn the fluid dark, affecting its performance. 

Dirty fluid is a clear sign that you need to swap it out. Change your power steering fluid as soon as you notice it’s too dark. This will prevent internal damage and keep your car in good condition. Try to inspect your power steering every so often to catch fluid before it gets too dirty.

6. Bubbling Fluid

Take a look at your power steering fluid. Is it foamy or full of bubbles? Bubbles mean air has gotten into the system. This might happen due to low fluid levels or a leak that’s letting air inside. Power steering needs a smooth, consistent liquid to work well. When air enters the system, it reduces hydraulic pressure and affects steering. Topping off or replacing your fluid can help with this issue. 

How to Check Power Steering Fluid

Power steering fluid is one of several car fluids you can check yourself to save money. It’s easy and ensures your car is running at its best. If you’ve noticed any vehicle problems, you need to take a look at the fluid levels. Use these steps to check your power steering fluid condition: 

1. Find the reservoir: Pop your hood and find the fluid reservoir. It’s usually a small, cylindrical container near the engine on the driver’s side. The reservoir cap might say “power steering fluid.”
2. Check fluid levels: If the reservoir is clear, you can see the fluid levels. The container should have “min” and “max” writing to indicate the levels. If it’s not transparent, you’ll have to remove the cap to access the dipstick and check the fluid levels. 
3. Look at fluid: Once the cap is off, look at the fluid. The levels should be good, and the fluid color should be clear or slightly red. If it’s low, dark or cloudy, it needs replacing. Look for bubbles or foam as well. 
4. Adjust as needed: If your fluid is below the “min” line, top it up. Add a bit at a time and stay below the “max” line. If the fluid is dark, you’ll need to replace it. If there are bubbles, you might want to get the car inspected in case there’s a leak. 
5. Secure the cap: Finish with the fluid. Then, tighten the cap to secure the reservoir. Close the hood, and you’re good to go. 

How Much Does It Cost to Change Power Steering Fluid?

On average, a professional power steering fluid change costs $170-$200. This cost covers the fluid, labor and expertise involved in the process. However, your exact costs will differ based on your vehicle, area and service center.

If your car needs a specific, premium fluid type, you’ll pay more for professional service. Additionally, specialized shops will have higher prices to cover their expertise. If you get a complete system flush from a mechanic, that’s also going to cost more. Finally, any damage from neglecting power steering can increase service prices further. You’ll need to decide what service you want and what your car needs to get the exact price. 

Can I Fill Up My Own Power Steering Fluid?

Yes, you can fill up your own power steering fluid. While car maintenance is usually complex, power steering fluid is one of the easier tasks. All you need is the right fluid for your car and a few tools. Check your vehicle’s manual to make sure you have the correct fluid. Then, you’re ready to get to work.

If it’s been a long time since you’ve looked at your power steering fluid, you might need a professional. Sometimes, your car needs a complete power steering flush. This process involves removing all the fluid from the system, not just the reservoir. This process is longer and more intensive. You can take your vehicle to a mechanic for a complete system flush. This process gives your car a fresh start — you can stay on top of maintenance from there. 

How to Change Power Steering Fluid at Home

Now that you know you need to change your fluid, it’s time to start some car maintenance. Changing the power steering fluid at home is simple. Checking and changing fluid regularly will protect your car and prevent long-term issues. Use this step-by-step guide to change your fluid on your own. 

1. Grab Your Supplies

Before you can change the fluid, you need the right tools. Make sure you have these items on hand:

• Power steering fluid
• A fluid pump or turkey baster
• A drain pan
• Safety gloves and goggles
• Rags and paper towels
• A jack and jack stands
• A funnel 

2. Prep the Car

Get your vehicle into position for maintenance. Park it on a flat surface and engage the parking brake. It might be easier to drain the fluid if you jack up your car. If so, jack it up and place it on jack stands to hold it steady. Only work on the engine once it’s cool. A recently running engine can give you burns from hot fluid. 

3. Find the Reservoir

Once you’re ready, open the hood and find the power steering fluid reservoir. It’ll be metal or plastic and transparent or opaque. Look for the power steering label or icon to find it more easily. If needed, reference the manual. Your vehicle’s manual should tell you where to find the reservoir. 

4. Remove the Old Fluid

Use the fluid pump to remove as much fluid as you can. Insert the pump into the reservoir and carefully extract everything into the drain pan. Removing as much fluid as possible helps prevent spills. 

If you want to know how to change your power steering fluid without a pump, grab a turkey baster. This will take more time, but it gets the job done. Insert the turkey baster into the reservoir and squeeze. Deposit the fluid into the drain pan as usual and work until you can’t pull anymore. 

6. Refill the Reservoir

Once you’ve drained everything, it’s time to add fresh fluid. Take your manufacturer-recommended power steering fluid and refill the reservoir. Use a funnel to carefully fill the reservoir up to the “max” line. Avoid going past this, and use rags or paper towels to clean up any spilled fluid. 

7. Bleed the System

After you’ve refilled the system, you need to bleed it. Bleeding removes any air that gets inside the system during the refill process. If you skip bleeding, air will create bubbles and cause more steering problems. Start your car’s engine and slowly turn the steering wheel all the way to the left and then to the right. Repeat this process a couple more times to remove all the trapped air. 

8. Look for Leaks

Turn off the engine and look around the car for leaks. Inspect the reservoir, hoses and connections to make sure everything’s sealed. If you spot leaks anywhere, you’ll need a professional. Take your car in so a mechanic can find the source of the problem. If there are no leaks, you’re all set. 

9. Clean Up

Grab your supplies and clean everything up. You need to dispose of the old fluid properly to protect the environment. Take the fluid to a recycling center or auto parts store so they can recycle it. Never pour vehicle fluid down the drain or into the ground. 

When Should You Change Your Power Steering Fluid? 

Now that you know how to change your power steering fluid, how often should you be doing it? You’ll need to change your power steering every 50,000-100,000 miles — the exact mileage will depend on several factors.

First, you should check the manufacturer’s recommendations. Different cars have different requirements. The manufacturer can tell you what they recommend based on your vehicle. Using this estimate ensures you’re changing the fluid as needed for your car.

While the manufacturer is helpful, everyone uses their vehicles differently. You might need to swap out the fluid more frequently if you’re driving with heavy loads or in extreme heat. 

Get into the habit of checking your power steering fluid levels and quality. This practice gives you a more accurate estimate for your car. You’ll be able to see when the fluid needs changing instead of relying on a rough figure for help. Set up a regular checking and changing schedule to ensure you’re keeping the fluid quality where your car needs it. 

Drive Easy With Regular Maintenance

Changing your power steering fluid at home is an easy job that brings down your maintenance costs. You’ll save money and improve your car’s life. Stay on top of car maintenance to avoid stiff steering, overheating and costly repairs. Don’t forget to regularly check all vehicle fluid levels, inspect for leaks and get your car inspected professionally to keep everything running smoothly. With the right tools, you’ll stay safe on the road and enjoy efficient steering for years.